whatdo

Things To Do
in Turkmenistan

Day Trips

Tours

Attractions

Prices

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Caspian Sea. It is known for its vast deserts, including the Karakum Desert, and has a rich history with ancient cities like Merv, once a major center on the Silk Road.

The country is rich in natural gas reserves, and its neutral foreign policy stance, along with a distinctive cultural heritage marked by Turkmen carpets and equestrian traditions, sets it apart in the region.

image card

Gas Crater tour

  • "Salam" - Hello
  • "Sag boluň" - Thank you
  • "Hawa" - Yes
  • "Yok" - No
  • "Häerler" - Goodbye

Prices

  • 🏠 Accommodation (per night): $15 - $100
  • 🍽️ Meal at a Restaurant: $5 - $25
  • ☕ Coffee: $1 - $4
  • 🚌 Public transport ticket (single journey): $0.20 - $1
  • 🛒 Grocery shopping (per week): $10 - $50
  • 🏋️‍♂️ Gym Membership: $20 - $50

Day Trips

Spend a day exploring around

day 1
Ashgabat Exploration
morning
:

Start your day with a visit to the Independence Monument, a significant symbol of Turkmenistan's independence. Enjoy a stroll in the surrounding park, taking in the impressive architecture.

afternoon
:

Head to the Turkmen Carpet Museum to learn about the colorful history and craftsmanship of carpet weaving. Afterward, explore the nearby Ertugrul Gazi Mosque, one of the largest mosques in the country.

evening
:

Visit the city center's impressive fountains that illuminate beautifully at night. Enjoy a local dinner at a nearby restaurant.

day 2
The Ancient City of Merv
morning
:

Travel to the ancient city of Merv, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Explore the historical ruins and appreciate the rich heritage of this Silk Road city.

afternoon
:

Visit the Mausoleum of Sultan Sanjar and learn about the Seljuk Empire's glory days. Enjoy a picnic lunch surrounded by the serene desert landscape.

evening
:

Return to your accommodation and unwind after a day of exploration. Consider sampling traditional Turkmen cuisine for dinner.

Turkmenistan Day Trips

Strengths and Weaknesses

  • Rich in natural resources, particularly natural gas and oil, providing potential economic growth.
  • Strategically located between Europe and Asia, offering potential for trade and transit routes.
  • Unique cultural heritage, with rich traditions in music, art, and handicrafts that attract tourism.
  • Generally low crime rates, contributing to a sense of safety for residents and visitors.
  • Authoritarian political system with limited political freedoms and human rights issues.
  • Economic reliance on a single sector (energy) leading to vulnerability to global market fluctuations.
  • Limited infrastructure development outside major cities, affecting accessibility and connectivity.
  • Environmental challenges, including desertification and water scarcity issues, impacting agriculture and living conditions.

Best Activities in Turkmenistan

Outdoor fun you shouldn't miss!

Hiking in Kugitang Nature Reserve

Explore the diverse landscapes and see ancient rock formations, caves, and unique plant species.

Visiting Yangykala Canyons

Marvel at the stunning multicolored canyons and unique geological formations.

Camping at Karakala Desert

Experience the tranquility of the desert and enjoy stargazing in the clear night skies.

Exploring the Avaza National Tourist Zone

Relax on beautiful beaches, engage in water sports, and enjoy the modern amenities of this tourism complex.

Birdwatching at the Krasnovodsk State Nature Reserve

Observe a wide variety of bird species in their natural habitat.

Places to Visit in Turkmenistan

Visit one of these nice places.

Darvaza Gas Crater

Also known as the 'Door to Hell', this natural gas crater is a must-see attraction for its mesmerizing flames and unique photo opportunities.

Kow Ata Underground Lake

This underground lake within a cave offers a surreal and picturesque setting for photography, known for its stunning turquoise waters.

Food in Turkmenistan

Turkmen cuisine is heavily influenced by Central Asian, Russian, and Middle Eastern flavors. It features a variety of meat dishes, breads, herbs, and dairy products. People in Turkmenistan love their tea and also enjoy beverages like ayran and shubat.

Turkmenistan Famous Food

Signature dishes, delicacies and famous food

Palaw

A traditional Turkmen rice dish usually served with lamb, carrots, and other vegetables.

Must-Try!

Köne

Flatbread that is a staple of Turkmen cuisine, often enjoyed with tea or served alongside main dishes.

Tandyr Kabob

Skewered and grilled meat, often lamb or beef, cooked in a traditional clay oven called a tandyr.

Food Markets

Explore local food markets

Görogly Bazaar

One of the largest and most vibrant markets in Ashgabat, offering a variety of fresh produce, spices, and traditional Turkmen snacks like samsa and chiburekki.

Taze Jahan Bazaar

A bustling market in Mary known for its fresh fruits, nuts, and local street food such as fried fish and kebabs.

Weather

The climate in the region is characterized by an arid and semi-arid environment, with hot summers and mild winters. The country experiences significant temperature fluctuations, with summer daytime temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F) in some areas, particularly in the deserts. Winters can be cold, especially in the northern parts, where temperatures can drop below freezing. Precipitation is generally low, with most areas receiving less than 200 mm (about 8 inches) of rainfall annually, primarily occurring in spring and autumn. The landscape is dominated by deserts and steppes, leading to a scarcity of vegetation in many parts. Despite the harsh climate, certain regions, particularly those near rivers and oases, support more diverse ecosystems. Sandstorms are also common during the dry season, further influencing the climate dynamics. Overall, the climate is challenging for agriculture, requiring irrigation and the use of drought-resistant crops.

How to Behave

Tips on cultural norms and respectful behavior

Greeting customs

In Turkmenistan, it is customary to greet with a handshake or a slight bow, especially when meeting someone for the first time. It is also polite to address people using their titles and to use formal language when speaking to elders or people in authority.

Respect for elders

Respect for elders is highly valued in Turkmen culture. It is important to show deference and courtesy towards older individuals, and to listen attentively when they speak. It is also customary to offer your seat to an elder on public transportation.

Gift-giving customs

Gift-giving is a common practice in Turkmenistan and is a way to show appreciation and respect. When presenting a gift, it is important to use both hands, and gifts are typically opened in private to avoid causing the recipient any discomfort.

Safety

Safety in Turkmenistan is generally considered to be good, with low levels of violent crime reported. The country has a reputation for being stable and secure, although visitors are advised to take standard precautions. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, can occur, particularly in crowded areas or during major events. Travelers should also be aware that the government maintains strict control over many aspects of daily life, and there are limitations on freedom of expression and assembly. It's important to respect local laws and customs, as there can be significant consequences for violations. Additionally, road conditions can vary, and driving can be hazardous due to poorly maintained infrastructure and a lack of traffic regulation enforcement. Foreigners are advised to exercise caution while traveling, particularly in rural areas. Communication and interactions with authorities should be approached with care, as local law enforcement can be strict regarding regulations. Overall, while the environment is relatively safe, an awareness of the cultural and legal landscape is essential for a trouble-free experience.

Tipping in Turkmenistan

Ensure a smooth experience

Tipping

Tipping is not a common practice in Turkmenistan, and it is not expected in restaurants, hotels, or for other services.

Payment

In Turkmenistan, cash is the primary form of payment, and credit card usage may be limited especially outside of major cities. It is advisable to carry sufficient cash for transactions.

Best Time to Visit

And what to expect in different seasons...

Spring (April to June)

Best time to visit with mild temperatures and blooming flowers. Ideal for outdoor activities and exploring the desert.

Autumn (September to November)

Another good time to visit with cooler temperatures and clear skies. Perfect for sightseeing and cultural experiences.

Summer (July to August)

Hot temperatures with occasional dust storms. Limited outdoor activities but great for experiencing Turkmen culture and festivals.

Winter (December to February)

Cold temperatures and occasional snow. Not ideal for outdoor activities, but offers unique experiences like winter markets and local traditions.

Turkmenistan at Night

The nightlife scene in Turkmenistan is relatively low-key compared to many other countries. The capital city, Ashgabat, offers the most options, with a handful of upscale bars, restaurants, and nightclubs catering mainly to a mix of locals and expatriates. These venues often feature live music or DJ sets, although the overall atmosphere tends to be more relaxed and understated. Social gatherings in Turkmenistan are often centered around traditional tea houses, known as chai-khanas, where people gather to drink tea, eat snacks, and engage in conversation. These establishments serve as important community hubs and are a key part of the local social fabric. Public events, such as concerts, theater performances, and cultural festivals, also contribute to the evening entertainment options. However, such events are less frequent and are usually well-publicized in advance. Alcohol consumption is generally more subdued and controlled due to cultural norms and regulations, so nightlife activities that do involve drinking tend to be discreet and private. While the nightlife in Turkmenistan is not as vibrant or diverse as in some other regions, it offers unique experiences influenced by the country's rich cultural heritage and traditions.

Hiking in Turkmenistan

Immerse in an unforgettable hike.

Kopet Dag Mountains

A mountain range that offers various hiking trails with stunning views and diverse flora and fauna. Ideal for both casual hikers and experienced trekkers.

Yangykala Canyon

Known for its breathtaking landscapes and unique rock formations, this area provides exciting hiking opportunities and picturesque vistas.

Nohur Lake

A tranquil lake surrounded by mountains, offering peaceful walking trails and a chance to explore the rich wildlife in the area.

Kugitang Nature Reserve

A protected area that features diverse ecosystems and ancient petroglyphs, making it perfect for hiking enthusiasts and history buffs alike.

Guzan Mountain

A popular spot for hiking with varying levels of trails that lead to panoramic views and beautiful natural scenery.

Airports

How to reach Turkmenistan by plane.

Ashgabat International Airport (ASB)

The main international airport serving Turkmenistan's capital, Ashgabat.

Tashkent International Airport (TAS)

Largest airport in Uzbekistan, located in the capital city, Tashkent, and serves as a major hub for international flights.

Bishkek Manas International Airport (FRU)

Located in Kyrgyzstan, this airport serves as a key international gateway to Central Asia.

Almaty International Airport (ALA)

The main airport in Kazakhstan, situated in Almaty, it is one of the busiest airports in Central Asia.

Baghdad International Airport (BGW)

Major airport in Iraq, located near the capital city, Baghdad, facilitating numerous international flights.

Walkability

In this country, walkability can vary significantly between urban and rural areas. Urban centers, particularly the capital city, feature some pedestrian-friendly zones with wide sidewalks and amenities that encourage walking. Modern infrastructure in these areas often includes parks and public squares that enhance the walking experience. However, outside these urban areas, walkability tends to degrade. Rural regions may have limited pedestrian infrastructure, with unpaved roads and a lack of sidewalks, making walking less safe and convenient. Additionally, the hot climate can deter walking during certain times of the year. Public transportation options may also influence walkability, as reliance on vehicles can reduce the necessity and appeal of walking in some areas. Overall, while there are aspects of walkability in the cities, improvements could be made in both urban and rural environments to promote safer and more accessible walking conditions.

Demographics

Explore demographics in this area.

Turkmen

The dominant ethnic group in Turkmenistan, making up about 85% of the population.

Uzbek

The second largest ethnic group, constituting around 5-10% of the population.

Russian

Historically a significant minority, currently around 2% of the population.

Baloch

A smaller ethnic group, primarily found in the southeastern provinces.

Kara-Kalpak

An ethnic group that exists in small numbers, mainly in the northwestern regions.

Other Ethnic Minorities

Includes smaller groups such as Armenians, Ukrainians, and Tatars, each contributing to the cultural diversity of the nation.

Popular Sports

Explore popular sports in region.

Soccer

Soccer is the most popular sport in Turkmenistan, with a passionate following and a strong national team.

Athletics

Athletics, including track and field events, is widely practiced and has produced several notable athletes.

Turkmen Horse Racing

Horse racing has cultural significance in Turkmenistan, particularly involving the Akhal-Teke breed.

Wrestling

Wrestling holds a traditional importance and is featured in various national events and competitions.

Cycling

Cycling is a growing sport in Turkmenistan, with increasing participation and organization of competitions.

Boxing

Boxing has gained popularity in recent years and is actively promoted by national sports organizations.

Basketball

Basketball is also popular, particularly among the youth, with various local leagues and schools involved.

Traffic

The traffic in this country is characterized by a few distinctive features. Major roads, particularly in urban areas like Ashgabat, can be quite busy, especially during peak hours. The road infrastructure has improved in recent years, with new highways connecting various cities and regions. Driving is often dominated by a mix of private vehicles and state-owned taxis, with many residents relying on cars as their primary mode of transportation. The vehicles on the road can range from modern cars to older models, including a notable number of Soviet-era vehicles still in use. Traffic regulations do exist, but compliance varies, and aggressive driving can sometimes be observed. Pedestrian crossings may not always be respected by drivers, making it essential for pedestrians to remain vigilant. In rural areas, the traffic density decreases significantly, and roads can be less maintained. Public transportation options include buses and taxis, but the coverage may not be as extensive as in larger cities in other countries. Road conditions can also vary, with some rural roads being unpaved and prone to deterioration, particularly during the harsh winter months. Overall, while the traffic can be challenging in urban centers, the situation is generally manageable when taken into consideration.

Dietary Restrictions

Tips for restricted diets.

Vegetarian

Vegetarian options are available, with dishes like stuffed peppers, vegetable pilaf, and fresh salads.

Vegan

While vegan options may be limited, some markets and restaurants offer dishes such as grilled vegetables, fruit salads, and bean-based soups.

Gluten-Free

Gluten-free options include rice-based dishes, grilled meats, yogurt, and fresh fruits, which are commonly available in Turkmen cuisine.

Healthcare

Healthcare in the country is a state-controlled system that offers free medical services to its citizens. The framework of healthcare is based on the principles of universal access, but there are significant challenges related to infrastructure, availability of modern medical equipment, and the overall quality of care. The healthcare system comprises various facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and outpatient centers, although these can often be found in urban areas with rural regions experiencing shortages. Preventive care, maternal and child health services, and vaccination programs are part of the public health initiatives, but access to specialized care and advanced treatments can be limited. Human resources in the sector also face challenges, as there is a shortage of skilled healthcare professionals due to emigration and inadequate training facilities. While the government has made efforts to improve the healthcare system, including investments in new facilities and technology, many citizens often rely on informal networks or seek treatment abroad for more advanced medical needs. Overall, while healthcare is intended to be accessible for all, both quality and access to care can vary widely, with ongoing issues impacting the efficacy of health services provided.

Accomodations

Find the best place to stay when visiting Turkmenistan.

Hotels Apartments