Things To Do
in Erbil

Erbil is the capital of the Kurdistan Region in Iraq and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with a rich history dating back thousands of years. The city is known for its ancient citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which offers incredible views of the surrounding area. Erbil is a vibrant and bustling city with a mix of modern amenities, traditional markets, and historical sites to explore.

The local cuisine in Erbil is delicious, featuring a variety of dishes that reflect the region's culinary heritage.

  • "Slama" - Hello
  • "Shukran" - Thank you
  • "Afwan" - You're welcome
  • "Kayfa halak?" - How are you?
  • "Ma'a as-salama" - Goodbye

Prices

  • 🏠 Accommodation (per night): $20 - $100
  • 🍽️ Meal at a Restaurant: $5 - $20
  • Coffee: $1 - $5
  • 🚌 Public transport ticket (single journey): $0.50 - $2
  • 🛒 Grocery shopping (per week): $30 - $100
  • 🏋️‍♂️ Gym Membership: $15 - $50

Day Trips

Spend a day exploring around

day 1
Explore Erbil's Ancient Citadel
morning
:

Start your day with a visit to Erbil Citadel, one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the world. Enjoy a guided tour to learn about its rich history.

afternoon
:

Head to the Kurdish Textile Museum to explore the traditional weaving techniques and stunning textiles of the region. Take some time to shop for unique souvenirs in the local bazaars.

evening
:

Dine at a traditional Kurdish restaurant to sample local dishes like kebabs and dolma. End your day with a relaxing walk in Sami Abdulrahman Park.

day 2
Nature Day at Rawanduz
morning
:

Take a scenic drive to Rawanduz, known for its breathtaking landscapes and natural beauty. Start with a hike in the stunning mountains to appreciate the fresh air.

afternoon
:

Visit the picturesque village of Rawanduz and enjoy a picnic by the riverside. Check out local handicrafts and enjoy the serene atmosphere.

evening
:

Head back to Erbil and enjoy dinner at a local eatery. Relax and reflect on your day exploring nature.

Strengths and Weaknesses

  • Rich cultural heritage and history, with various archaeological sites and museums.
  • Relatively stable security situation compared to other regions in Iraq.
  • Growing economy with opportunities in various sectors such as construction, trade, and tourism.
  • Beautiful natural landscapes, including the nearby mountains and valleys.
  • A warm and hospitable local population, known for their hospitality and friendliness.
  • Limited infrastructure and public services in certain areas.
  • High unemployment rates and reliance on the oil industry can create economic vulnerabilities.
  • Political complexities and tensions with neighboring regions and countries.
  • Challenges in terms of international relations and travel restrictions.
  • Climate can be harsh, with very hot summers and cold winters.

Best Activities in Erbil

Outdoor fun you shouldn't miss!

Sammi Abdulrahman Park

A popular park offering walking trails, green spaces, playgrounds, and scenic views of the city

Qaysari Bazaar

Explore this historic market with its vibrant atmosphere, local crafts, and traditional architecture

Shanidar Park

A leisure park featuring a lake, picnic areas, and beautiful gardens ideal for a relaxing day outdoors

Tours

Uncover the best of Erbil with these unforgettable tours.

Places to Visit in Erbil

Visit one of these nice places.

Erbil Citadel

The ancient citadel of Erbil offers stunning panoramic views of the city and surrounding areas, making it an ideal location for photos and sightseeing.

Sami Abdul Rahman Park

This park provides picturesque natural landscapes and a lake, offering excellent photo opportunities and a peaceful setting for enjoying the views.

Salahaddin University

The university campus boasts beautiful green spaces and architectural features, making it a great spot for capturing scenic views and environmental portraits.

Food in Erbil

Erbil, Iraq offers a rich culinary heritage with a diverse range of flavors influenced by local Kurdish, Middle Eastern, and Persian cuisines. The cuisine of Erbil is characterized by the use of fresh ingredients, fragrant spices, and hearty meat dishes, often accompanied by flatbreads and rice. Here is a comprehensive guide to food and drink in Erbil:

Erbil Famous Food

Signature dishes, delicacies and famous food

Dolma

Dolma is a popular dish consisting of vine leaves stuffed with a savory mixture of rice, minced meat, and aromatic herbs. It can be found in local eateries and restaurants throughout Erbil, with one recommended spot being the bazaar area in the city center.

Must-Try!

Kebab

Kebabs are ubiquitous in Erbil, with various types of grilled meat skewers seasoned to perfection. Must-try variants include lamb, chicken, and kofta kebabs, available at traditional kebab houses like Abu Shahab in the Old City.

Pacha

For the adventurous foodie, Pacha is a traditional Kurdish dish made from boiled sheep's head, typically served with bread and a flavorful broth. It can be savored at local specialty restaurants such as Chalak's Pacha in the Ankawa district.

Food Markets

Explore local food markets

Shawarma Stalls

Erbil boasts vibrant street food scenes, with shawarma stalls lining many streets. These stalls serve up juicy, spit-roasted meats wrapped in flatbread, drizzled with tahini or garlic sauce. Head to the Iskan Street area for some of the best shawarma in town.

Bazaar Bites

Visiting the bazaars, such as Qaysari Bazaar and Shanidar Park Bazaar, offers an opportunity to sample a variety of street foods, from sizzling kebabs to fresh falafel and local sweets like baklava and kunafa.

Erbil Spice Market

Explore the vibrant Erbil Spice Market to discover an array of aromatic spices, dried fruits, nuts, and local ingredients, providing an authentic insight into Kurdish culinary culture.

Weather

The climate in this region is characterized as a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh), featuring long, hot summers and mild, wet winters. Summer temperatures frequently exceed 40°C (104°F), while the winters are considerably cooler, with temperatures potentially dropping to around 0°C (32°F) at night. Rainfall is minimal and primarily falls during the winter months, with the wettest period typically occurring between November and March. Annual precipitation averages around 400-600 mm (15.7-23.6 inches), making water resources an important aspect of local agriculture and daily life. Due to its geographical location, the area experiences significant temperature variations between day and night, especially during the summer. The region is also subject to occasional dust storms, particularly in the hotter months. Overall, the climate is conducive to agriculture in the winter months, while the intense summer heat poses challenges for outdoor activities and energy consumption.

How to Behave

Tips on cultural norms and respectful behavior

Respect Personal Space

When interacting with people in Erbil, it's important to respect personal space and avoid standing too close, especially when conversing with someone of the opposite gender.

Greet with Politeness

Greeting others with respect and politeness, such as using phrases like 'As-salamu alaykum' (Peace be upon you) or 'Good morning/afternoon/evening' is customary in Erbil.

Respect Local Traditions

Understanding and respecting local traditions, religious practices, and cultural norms is essential when interacting with people in Erbil, Iraq.

Safety

Erbil, known as the capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, has generally been seen as a relatively safe area compared to other parts of the country. In recent years, the region has experienced a degree of stability, especially in contrast to the security challenges faced by other areas in Iraq. The presence of the Kurdish Peshmerga forces contributes significantly to the security within the region, helping to maintain order and protect citizens from potential threats. Though the city has seen instances of violence and political tensions, these occurrences are often less frequent than in other regions. Travelers and expatriates often report feeling more secure while in Erbil; however, it is still advisable to remain vigilant and informed about local conditions. The city has a developing infrastructure, modern facilities, and a growing economy, attracting tourists and business investments. Nevertheless, occasional regional tensions or broader geopolitical issues can impact safety perceptions, so staying updated on local news is essential for those residing in or visiting Erbil. Typically, petty crime is low, but usual precautions are still recommended, such as being aware of one’s surroundings and avoiding isolated areas. Adherence to local customs and laws is also important for maintaining personal safety. Overall, while Erbil offers a relatively secure environment, awareness and prudence should always be practiced.

Tipping in Erbil

Ensure a smooth experience

Tipping

In Erbil, Iraq, tipping is not a common practice. However, in some upscale restaurants and hotels, a service charge may be included in the bill. If not, a tip of 5-10% of the total bill is appreciated.

Payment

Cash is the primary form of payment in Erbil, Iraq. Credit and debit cards are accepted in some larger businesses, but it is advisable to carry cash for most transactions.

Best Time to Visit

And what to expect in different seasons...

Spring (March-May)

Spring is a great time to visit Erbil, with pleasant temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C. The city is in full bloom, and the surrounding nature is at its most beautiful. This is also a good time to explore the historical sites and enjoy outdoor activities.

Autumn (September-November)

Autumn is another ideal time to visit Erbil as the weather is pleasantly cool with temperatures between 12°C and 27°C. This is a great time for sightseeing and experiencing local culture and festivals.

Summer (June-August)

Summer in Erbil can be hot, with temperatures soaring above 40°C. It's a good time to visit if you enjoy warm weather and don't mind the heat. However, it's important to stay hydrated and seek shade during the hottest part of the day.

Winter (December-February)

Winter in Erbil can be chilly, with temperatures ranging from 3°C to 12°C. While the weather may not be ideal for outdoor activities, this is a great time to explore historical and cultural attractions, as well as enjoy the local cuisine and traditional winter festivals.

Erbil at Night

Nightlife in Erbil offers a unique blend of modern entertainment and traditional Middle Eastern charm. As the capital of the Kurdistan Region, the city showcases a lively atmosphere after dark. Residents and visitors can explore a variety of venues, from upscale restaurants and trendy cafes to lively bars and nightclubs. Many of these establishments feature live music, ranging from local Kurdish bands to international DJs, creating a dynamic and energetic vibe. The Ankawa district is particularly well-known for its vibrant nightlife, featuring a concentration of bars, lounges, and clubs where people from diverse backgrounds come together to socialize and enjoy the evening. Shisha bars, also popular in Erbil, offer a more relaxed environment where patrons can unwind with friends over flavored tobacco. Food plays a significant role in Erbil's nightlife, with numerous eateries serving everything from traditional Kurdish dishes to international cuisine. Evening walks in the city's parks and around landmarks like the historic Citadel can also be pleasant activities, making the most of the cooler nighttime temperatures. While Erbil's nightlife scene is growing, it's important for visitors to be mindful of local customs and dress codes. Although the city is relatively liberal compared to other parts of Iraq, conservative attire is still generally expected in many places. Overall, the nightlife in Erbil provides a diverse array of experiences that reflect the city's rich cultural tapestry and evolving modern identity.

Hiking in Erbil

Immerse in an unforgettable hike.

Gali Ali Beg

A picturesque valley with stunning waterfalls and natural beauty, ideal for hiking and exploring nature.

Halgurd Mountain

Part of the Zagros mountain range, Halgurd offers challenging trails and breathtaking views for experienced hikers.

Pshdar Mountains

A range of mountains located near Erbil, providing a variety of hiking options and scenic landscapes.

Soran Valley

Known for its beautiful scenery, this valley offers easier trails suitable for families and casual hikers.

Bradost Mountain

Famous for its diverse wildlife and lush vegetation, Bradost is a great spot for those seeking adventure and tranquility.

Aiports

How to reach Erbil by plane.

Erbil International Airport (EBL)

The main airport serving Erbil, Iraq, connecting to various international destinations.

Baghdad International Airport (BGW)

The largest airport in Iraq, located in Baghdad, serves as a key hub for international flights.

Sulaimaniyah International Airport (ISU)

Located in Sulaimaniyah, this airport offers international flights and is approximately 144 km from Erbil.

Duhok Airport (DHK)

A smaller airport located near Duhok, providing regional flights; situated around 90 km from Erbil.

Walkability

Walkability in this northern Iraqi city is influenced by its climate, urban planning, and infrastructure. The area generally features wide streets and is structured with some districts providing pedestrian-friendly environments, but overall walkability can vary. In central areas, amenities such as shops, cafes, and parks may be accessible on foot, encouraging pedestrian movement. However, outside these zones, walkability becomes more challenging due to less pedestrian-friendly road designs, limited sidewalks, and heavy traffic in some areas. The urban landscape often prioritizes car travel, which can hinder walking safety and comfort. Additionally, the hot climate might deter outdoor walking during peak daylight hours, suggesting that residents often rely on vehicles for transportation. Efforts have been made in recent years to improve urban spaces, yet there remains room for growth in enhancing walkable areas, increasing pedestrian safety, and promoting a culture of walking as a viable mode of transport. Overall, while some parts of the city invite exploration on foot, considerations around traffic and infrastructure present significant challenges to achieving a fully walkable environment.

Demographics

Explore demographics in this area.

Kurdish

The predominant ethnic group in Erbil, making up the majority of the population.

Arab

A significant minority group, primarily found in urban areas.

Assyrian

A Christian minority with historical roots in the region.

Turkmen

Another minority group present in Erbil, contributing to the cultural diversity.

Others

Includes smaller groups such as Yazidis, Armenians, and others.

Popular Sports

Explore popular sports in region.

Football

Football, also known as soccer, is the most popular sport in Erbil, with many local clubs and a growing fan base.

Basketball

Basketball enjoys a significant following, with various local tournaments and clubs participating in national leagues.

Athletics

Athletics is a prominent sport, with many young athletes participating in running, jumping, and throwing competitions.

Volleyball

Volleyball is a popular team sport in schools and communities, with both indoor and beach versions being played.

Taekwondo

Taekwondo has a growing number of practitioners and offers a platform for youth to engage in martial arts and competitions.

Traffic

Traffic in this city can be characterized by a mix of modern and traditional elements, reflecting its rapid growth and development in recent years. The roads are often bustling with a variety of vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, and public transportation such as minibuses and taxis. During peak hours, congestion becomes more pronounced, especially in the city center and around commercial areas. Drivers may face challenges such as inconsistent traffic signals and varying driving behaviors, which can lead to unpredictable traffic patterns. The infrastructure has been improving, with wider roads being developed and new traffic management systems being implemented. However, issues such as road construction and limited parking spaces can contribute to delays. Overall, navigating the traffic requires patience and an understanding of local driving customs.

Accomodations

Find the best place to stay when visiting Erbil.

Dietary Restrictions

Tips for restricted diets.

Vegetarian and Vegan Options

While meat-centric dishes are prevalent, many establishments in Erbil offer vegetarian and vegan options, such as mezze platters, falafel, and vegetable stews. Look for restaurants and cafes in the city center and bazaar areas for diverse plant-based choices.

Gluten-Free Dining

For those with gluten restrictions, exploring local rice-based dishes like biryani and kebabs can be a good option. Additionally, many restaurants are accommodating to gluten-free requests, so it's advisable to communicate your dietary needs directly with the staff.

Healthcare

The healthcare system in the region is a mix of public and private services, shaped by historical, political, and economic factors. The public healthcare sector is managed by the Kurdistan Regional Government, which operates several hospitals and clinics throughout the city. These facilities provide primary care, emergency services, and specialist treatment. However, the public healthcare system often faces challenges such as limited resources, insufficient infrastructure, and a shortage of medical supplies and equipment. In contrast, the private healthcare sector in the city has seen significant growth in recent years. Private hospitals and clinics tend to offer better services, shorter waiting times, and more advanced medical technologies compared to public institutions. These facilities often attract patients from surrounding areas as well as international patients seeking quality medical care. Healthcare professionals in the region include a mix of local and expatriate doctors. Efforts to improve medical education and training are ongoing, with various medical schools and institutions being established to enhance the skills of healthcare workers. Despite improvements, the healthcare system still grapples with issues related to accessibility, equity, and the need for further investment in medical infrastructure. Public health challenges, such as those related to non-communicable diseases and mental health, are also becoming increasingly significant. Overall, while there have been advancements in healthcare in the area, ongoing challenges call for continued reform and investment to ensure comprehensive and equitable health services for the population.

Discover Iraq

Read more in our Iraq 2024 Travel Guide.

Iraq Travel Guide