Things To Do
in Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, known for its vast, rugged expanses and nomadic culture. Its capital, Ulaanbaatar, is the cultural, economic, and political heart of the country, housing a significant portion of Mongolia's population.

Mongolia's landscape is diverse, featuring the Gobi Desert to the south and cold, mountainous regions to the north and west, making it a destination for adventurers and those interested in its rich history, including the era of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan.

  • "Sain baina uu" - Hello
  • "Bayarlalaa" - Thank you
  • "Sain" - Good
  • "Yamar site ve?" - How are you?
  • "Uulzakh tsag ni hezee we?" - When shall we meet?

Prices

  • 🏠 Accommodation (per night): $10 - $100
  • 🍽️ Meal at a Restaurant: $3 - $30
  • Coffee: $1 - $5
  • 🚌 Public transport ticket (single journey): $0.20 - $1
  • 🛒 Grocery shopping (per week): $15 - $50
  • 🏋️‍♂️ Gym Membership: $15 - $30

Day Trips

Spend a day exploring around

day 1
Embrace the Gobi Desert
morning
:

Start your adventure with a drive to the Gobi Desert. Enjoy the stunning landscapes as you pass by sand dunes and rocky formations.

afternoon
:

Explore the Khongoryn Els sand dunes, known for their breathtaking beauty. Take a camel ride to experience the desert like a local.

evening
:

Watch the sunset over the dunes, painting the sky in beautiful hues. Camp under the stars for a night of peace and quiet.

day 2
Discover Terelj National Park
morning
:

Head to Terelj National Park, famous for its picturesque scenery. Hike through the park and capture photos of the unique rock formations.

afternoon
:

Visit the Aryabal Meditation Temple and enjoy the tranquil atmosphere. Sample traditional Mongolian dishes in a local ger.

evening
:

Relax by the river as the sun sets, casting a golden glow. Share stories around a campfire with fellow travelers.

Strengths and Weaknesses

  • Rich cultural heritage and history
  • Stunning natural landscapes, including mountains, steppe, and deserts
  • Low population density and vast open spaces
  • Growing tourism industry and opportunities for adventure travel
  • Unique nomadic lifestyle and traditions
  • Harsh climate with extreme temperatures
  • Limited infrastructure in rural areas
  • Economic dependence on mining and natural resources
  • Access to healthcare and education can be limited in remote areas
  • Political instability and corruption concerns

Best Activities in Mongolia

Outdoor fun you shouldn't miss!

Horseback Riding

Explore the vast Mongolian steppes on horseback and experience the traditional nomadic way of life.

Camel Trekking

Embark on a camel trek across the Gobi Desert and enjoy its unique landscapes and wilderness.

Trekking and Hiking

Discover Mongolia's mountains, national parks, and remote regions by trekking and hiking.

Fishing

Enjoy fishing in Mongolia's rivers and lakes, known for their pristine and untouched beauty.

Tours

Uncover the best of Mongolia with these unforgettable tours.

Places to Visit in Mongolia

Visit one of these nice places.

Gorkhi-Terelj National Park

Offers stunning views of rugged landscapes, granite rock formations, and lush valleys, perfect for photography.

Khustai National Park

Known for its population of wild horses (Przewalski's horses) and beautiful open steppes, providing excellent photo opportunities.

Gobi Desert

Features vast desert scenery, sand dunes, and unique geological formations, ideal for capturing the beauty of Mongolia's arid landscapes.

Orkhon Valley

Showcases diverse natural landscapes including grassy steppes, mountains, and the Orkhon River, creating picturesque views for photography enthusiasts.

Food in Mongolia

Mongolian cuisine is heavily influenced by the country's nomadic lifestyle and the harsh climate. Traditional Mongolian dishes often feature meat, dairy products, and local produce, and many recipes have been passed down through generations. When visiting Mongolia, be sure to indulge in the unique flavors and culinary experiences offered by the country's rich food and drink scene.

Mongolia Famous Food

Signature dishes, delicacies and famous food

Buuz

Buuz are traditional Mongolian steamed dumplings filled with minced meat, onions, and spices. They are commonly enjoyed during Tsagaan Sar (Lunar New Year) festivities and can be found in many local restaurants and at food stalls in Ulaanbaatar.

Must-Try!

Khorkhog

Khorkhog is a flavorful dish made with mutton, vegetables, and hot stones, cooked in a specialized cooking container. It's a must-try for those seeking an authentic Mongolian dining experience and is often served at traditional nomadic camps or specialty restaurants.

Tsuiwan

Tsuiwan, or Mongolian noodle soup, is a popular comfort food made with hand-pulled noodles, meat, and assorted vegetables. You can find variations of this dish in local cafes and small eateries across the country.

Aaruul

Aaruul is a traditional Mongolian dried curd snack made from fermented dairy products, such as cheese or yogurt. It's widely available in markets, grocery stores, and as a common accompaniment during nomadic travel.

Unique Experiences

Get to know Mongolia better with these unique experiences.

Food Markets

Explore local food markets

Naran Tuul Market

Naran Tuul Market, also known as the Black Market, is a bustling hub in Ulaanbaatar where visitors can explore a wide range of traditional Mongolian foods, snacks, and beverages. It's a great place to sample street food, pick up local ingredients, and immerse in the lively market atmosphere.

Gandan Khiid Night Market

Gandan Khiid Night Market offers a fantastic array of street food stalls and vendors, showcasing both traditional Mongolian dishes and international flavors. This vibrant market is an excellent spot to taste local delicacies and experience the diverse street food culture in Mongolia.

Weather

The climate in this region is characterized by a harsh continental climate with significant temperature variations between seasons. Winters are long and extremely cold, with average temperatures that can drop below -30°C (-22°F), especially in the northern areas and at higher elevations. Summers, on the other hand, can be quite short and warm, with temperatures sometimes reaching over 30°C (86°F) in the southern regions. Precipitation is relatively low, predominantly falling in the summer months, which means the country experiences dry conditions for much of the year. The annual average rainfall is around 200-400 mm (8-16 inches), with variations depending on the geographical area—more precipitation tends to occur in the northern and mountainous regions compared to the southern desert areas. Snow is common during the winter months, and typhoons and dust storms can occur in spring. The primary ecosystem features vast steppes, deserts, and mountain ranges, influencing local weather patterns significantly. Overall, this region's climate is known for its extremes, with challenging conditions that impact both the natural environment and the way of life for the inhabitants.

How to Behave

Tips on cultural norms and respectful behavior

Greeting

In Mongolia, it is customary to greet people with a handshake or a slight bow. It is important to address people using their title and last name, followed by the word 'baatar' for men and 'egch' for women.

Respect for elders

Showing respect for elders is an important cultural norm in Mongolia. It is customary to address older individuals with deference and to seek their guidance and advice.

Hospitality

Hospitality is highly valued in Mongolian culture. When invited to someone's home, it is respectful to bring a small gift and to express gratitude for the hospitality shown.

Hidden Gems

Discover the hidden gems of Mongolia with these exclusive activities.

Safety

Safety in Mongolia can vary depending on the region and the situation. In general, it is considered a relatively safe country for travelers and residents, with low levels of violent crime. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and theft, can occur, especially in urban areas like Ulaanbaatar, so it is advisable to remain vigilant and secure personal belongings. The vast rural areas offer unique safety considerations, such as harsh weather conditions that can pose risks, especially during winter months. Travelers should be equipped to handle remote travel, including knowledge of navigation and emergency protocols. Traffic can be a concern, as road conditions can be poor in some areas, and driving behaviors may not adhere to the same standards found in more developed countries. Engaging with local culture and customs is also important for safety, as understanding social norms can prevent misunderstandings. Overall, while there are safety concerns like in any country, with proper precautions and awareness, one can have a safe experience in Mongolia. Always consult local guidance and keep informed of any changes in the safety landscape when planning a visit or stay.

Tipping in Mongolia

Ensure a smooth experience

Tipping

Tipping is not a common practice in Mongolia, and it is not expected in most situations. However, in some upscale restaurants and hotels, a service charge may be included in the bill.

Payment

In Mongolia, cash is the most commonly used form of payment, especially in rural areas. Credit and debit cards are accepted in some businesses in major cities but may not be widely accepted in more remote areas. It's always advisable to carry cash when traveling in Mongolia.

Top Things To Do

Engage in these activities to dive deeper into Mongolia.

Best Time to Visit

And what to expect in different seasons...

Spring (April to June)

Best time to visit Mongolia due to pleasant weather, blooming wildflowers, and baby animals. Nomadic festivals and horse racing events also take place during this time.

Summer (July to August)

Warm temperatures and ideal for trekking, camping, and exploring the Gobi Desert. Naadam Festival, featuring traditional Mongolian sports, takes place in July.

Autumn (September to October)

Golden landscapes and cool weather, perfect for hiking and birdwatching. The eagle hunting festival is a highlight during this time.

Winter (November to March)

Extreme cold with temperatures dropping below freezing. Winter festivals, ice skating, and the chance to experience the nomadic way of life during the harsh winter months.

Mongolia at Night

Nightlife in Mongolia offers a unique blend of traditional and modern experiences, reflecting the country's rich cultural heritage and contemporary influences. In Ulaanbaatar, the capital city, the nightlife scene is particularly vibrant. Bars, clubs, and live music venues are plentiful, catering to a wide range of tastes. One can start an evening with a visit to a local bar where Mongolian beers and fermented mare's milk, a traditional drink known as airag, are popular choices. For those interested in live music, several venues feature performances by both local artists and international acts, spanning genres from rock and jazz to traditional Mongolian throat singing. Clubs in Ulaanbaatar often feature DJs playing a mix of electronic, pop, and hip-hop music, providing energetic atmospheres for dancing that can last into the early morning hours. These establishments often have modern interiors and high-quality sound systems, rivaling those found in bigger metropolitan cities. For a more cultural experience, night markets and street food stalls offer an excellent opportunity to sample Mongolian cuisine and buy handmade crafts. Engaging with the local community in these settings provides a deeper insight into daily life and traditions. Outside of Ulaanbaatar, nightlife tends to be quieter and more laid-back. In smaller towns and rural areas, evening activities often revolve around family gatherings, local festivities, and the occasional small bar or informal café. Overall, nightlife in Mongolia is a testament to the country's ability to blend the old with the new, offering a diverse array of activities that can satisfy both the culturally curious and those looking to enjoy a lively night out.

Hiking in Mongolia

Immerse in an unforgettable hike.

Gorkhi-Terelj National Park

A beautiful national park located just outside Ulaanbaatar, featuring stunning rock formations, scenic landscapes, and a variety of hiking trails suitable for all levels.

Khustain Nuruu National Park

Known for its population of Przewalski's horse, this national park offers diverse hiking opportunities through its rolling hills and vast steppe.

Bogd Khan Mountain

This sacred mountain, close to Ulaanbaatar, provides various hiking trails that offer panoramic views of the city and the surrounding landscape.

Altai Tavan Bogd National Park

Located in the western part of Mongolia, this park is famous for its dramatic mountain scenery, glacial lakes, and rich wildlife, making it a perfect hiking destination.

Khovsgol Lake National Park

A picturesque hiking location surrounded by mountains and forests, Khovsgol Lake offers numerous trails with stunning views of the pristine waters and nature.

Unforgettable Journeys

Delve deeper into Mongolia through these rare and unique activities.

Airports

How to reach Mongolia by plane.

Chinggis Khaan International Airport (ULN)

The main international airport serving Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Baikal International Airport (IKS)

Located in Irkutsk, Russia, it is one of the nearest major international airports to Mongolia.

Khabarovsk Novy Airport (KHV)

An international airport located in Khabarovsk, Russia, serving various international destinations.

Burlak Airport (UUD)

Located in Ulaan-Ude, Russia; it serves as a regional international airport.

Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK)

One of the largest international airports in Asia, located in Beijing, China.

Almati International Airport (ALA)

An international airport in Almaty, Kazakhstan, which connects to various global destinations.

Narita International Airport (NRT)

Located in Narita, Japan, this major gateway serves international flights to and from Japan.

Walkability

In certain urban areas, walkability can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as infrastructure, urban planning, and environmental conditions. In some cities, the presence of wide sidewalks, pedestrian-friendly street designs, and connectivity between key destinations greatly enhances the experience of walking. In space-constrained urban areas, especially where traditional development practices have prevailed, the availability of parks, public squares, and safe crossings can significantly impact how easy and enjoyable it is to walk. High-density areas often provide better walkability due to proximity to shops, services, and public transportation. However, challenges can arise in regions where urban planning has not prioritized pedestrian needs, resulting in wide roads, inadequate sidewalks, and an overall lack of amenities for pedestrians. These factors can lead to a reliance on vehicles and reduce the attractiveness of walking as a mode of transportation. In specific cases, factors such as extreme weather conditions, varying terrain, and socio-economic conditions may also play a role in pedestrian mobility and safety. This can affect overall public health and encourage or discourage walking as a daily practice. In the context of certain Mongolian cities, especially Ulaanbaatar, walkability presents a mixed picture, with some areas benefiting from recent urban development and others facing significant challenges related to infrastructure and urban sprawl.

Demographics

Explore demographics in this area.

Mongol (Ethnic Mongolians)

The largest ethnic group in Mongolia, making up approximately 95% of the population. They primarily speak Mongolian and are the descendants of nomadic tribes.

Kazakh

The second largest ethnic group, primarily residing in the western provinces of Mongolia. They make up about 4% of the population and speak the Kazakh language.

Russian

A minority group in Mongolia, primarily located in urban areas. They contribute to the cultural and economic landscape of the country.

Tuvan

An ethnic group in Mongolia, mostly found in the northern regions. They are closely related to Siberian indigenous cultures.

Durvud

A smaller ethnic group in Mongolia, part of the larger Mongolic family, mostly found in specific regions.

Other Ethnic Minorities

Includes various smaller groups such as the Buryats, Urianhais, and other indigenous peoples, collectively representing a small fraction of the population.

The Soul of Mongolia

Discover the essence of Mongolia through these truly unique experiences.

Popular Sports

Explore popular sports in region.

Wrestling

Mongolian wrestling, known as 'Bökh', is a traditional sport with deep cultural significance and is one of the main events during the annual Naadam Festival.

Horse Racing

Horse racing is a prominent sport in Mongolia, particularly celebrated during the Naadam Festival, where thousands of horses compete, showcasing the country's rich equestrian culture.

Archery

Archery is an important traditional sport in Mongolia, practiced by both men and women. It is featured prominently during the Naadam Festival, where competitors use traditional bows.

Football (Soccer)

Football is one of the most popular modern sports in Mongolia, with a growing number of clubs and leagues across the country, and is played by many at both amateur and semi-professional levels.

Basketball

Basketball has gained immense popularity in Mongolia, especially among the youth, with several local leagues and a national team competing in international events.

Traffic

Traffic in the country is characterized by a blend of urban congestion and sprawling rural expanses. In cities like Ulaanbaatar, the capital, traffic jams are common due to a growing population and an increasing number of vehicles. The infrastructure often struggles to keep pace with these growth rates, leading to congestion, particularly during peak hours. Outside urban areas, the roads can be less developed, especially in remote areas where paved roads are scarce. Travelers may encounter unpaved routes that can be challenging to navigate, particularly in adverse weather conditions. The vast landscapes contribute to a sense of isolation, where traffic is often minimal, and intersections can be few and far between. Pedestrian safety is a concern in urban areas, with frequent interactions between vehicles and foot traffic. Public transportation options exist but can vary in reliability and coverage. Overall, the traffic dynamics reflect the duality of urban growth paired with the expansive rural environment, necessitating improvements in infrastructure and urban planning.

Dietary Restrictions

Tips for restricted diets.

Vegetarian and Vegan Options

While traditional Mongolian cuisine heavily features meat and dairy, many restaurants and cafes in urban areas like Ulaanbaatar now offer vegetarian and vegan options to cater to diverse dietary preferences. Be sure to inquire about meat-free dishes or customized plant-based meals when dining out.

Gluten-Free Choices

Gluten-free dining options may be more limited in Mongolia, but with increased awareness of dietary restrictions, some eateries are accommodating gluten-free requests. It's advisable to communicate your dietary needs clearly and seek recommendations from local residents or restaurant staff for suitable dining establishments.

Cultural Immersions

Experience the heart and soul of Mongolia with these cultural adventures.

Healthcare

In recent years, the healthcare system in this country has undergone significant reforms aimed at improving access and quality of care for its population. The government provides healthcare services, which are financed through a social health insurance system, but challenges remain in terms of resource allocation and infrastructure. Primary healthcare services are provided through a network of district and aimag hospitals, along with health centers in rural areas to ensure that even remote populations have access to medical treatment. However, urban areas, particularly the capital city, often have more advanced facilities and specialists, leading to disparities in healthcare access between urban and rural regions. Public healthcare services are typically free or heavily subsidized for citizens, but patients often face long waiting times and limited resources. Private healthcare is growing, providing a range of services that cater to those who can afford to pay out-of-pocket for faster and sometimes higher-quality care. Preventive care, maternal and child health programs, and vaccination initiatives have seen improvements, contributing to better health outcomes in the population. However, non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular issues and diabetes, are on the rise, along with infectious diseases, highlighting the need for ongoing public health initiatives and resource allocation. Furthermore, the remote geography and harsh climate present additional challenges, especially for accessing healthcare services in isolated areas. International organizations and NGOs play a crucial role in supporting healthcare initiatives, addressing gaps in services, and providing training for healthcare professionals. Overall, while strides are being made to improve the healthcare landscape, ongoing challenges related to funding, infrastructure, and resources remain key issues that need to be addressed to ensure equitable and comprehensive healthcare for all citizens.

Accomodations

Find the best place to stay when visiting Mongolia.