Things To Do
in Baikonur

Baikonur is a city in Kazakhstan known for its famous and historic spaceport, the Baikonur Cosmodrome. It is one of the oldest and largest space launch facilities in the world. The city's economy is closely tied to the space industry, with many residents working in support of space missions.

Baikonur has a rich cultural heritage and visitors can explore museums, monuments, and historic sites related to space exploration.

  • "Salemetsiz be?" - How are you?
  • "Rakhmet" - Thank you
  • "Keshiriniz" - Excuse me/Sorry
  • "" - Yes
  • "Jok" - No

Prices

  • 🏠 Accommodation (per night): $10 - $30
  • 🍽️ Meal at a Restaurant: $5 - $15
  • Coffee: $1 - $3
  • 🚌 Public transport ticket (single journey): $0.50 - $1
  • 🛒 Grocery shopping (per week): $20 - $50
  • 🏋️‍♂️ Gym Membership: $15 - $30

Day Trips

Spend a day exploring around

day 1
Explore the Baikonur Cosmodrome
morning
:

Begin your day with a guided tour of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, the world’s first and largest space launch facility. Witness the impressive launch pads and learn about the history of space travel.

afternoon
:

Enjoy a local lunch in town and then visit the Museum of Baikonur to see exhibits related to space exploration and Kazakhstan's contribution to it. The museum offers a fascinating insight into the space race and notable missions.

evening
:

Wrap up your day with a traditional Kazakh dinner at a local restaurant. Savor dishes like beshbarmak, while enjoying the atmosphere of Baikonur.

day 2
Space History Day
morning
:

Visit the launch pad where Yuri Gagarin was launched into space and take photos at this historic site. A tour guide will share stories of this monumental event.

afternoon
:

After lunch, explore the various space-related monuments around the Cosmodrome. These landmarks commemorate significant space events and pioneers.

evening
:

Enjoy a quiet evening strolling through the town. Discover small cafes where you can relax and reflect on the day's adventures.

Strengths and Weaknesses

  • Home to Baikonur Cosmodrome, the world's first and largest operational space launch facility.
  • Rich in history related to space exploration and the Soviet space program.
  • Surrounded by unique landscapes and natural beauty, which can attract tourism.
  • Offers a unique cultural experience with a blend of Russian and Kazakh influences.
  • Remote location, which can make access difficult and limits infrastructure development.
  • Environmental concerns due to space launch activities and potential pollution.
  • Limited economic opportunities outside of the space sector, leading to dependence on a single industry.
  • Harsh climate with extreme temperatures can be a challenge for residents and visitors.

Best Activities in Baikonur

Outdoor fun you shouldn't miss!

Visiting the Baikonur Cosmodrome

Take a guided tour of the world's first and largest operational space launch facility, where you can witness rocket launches and explore space history.

Exploring the Baikonur Museum of History of Cosmonautics

Learn about the fascinating history of space exploration, see exhibits on cosmonauts, space technology, and space missions.

Camping and stargazing in the Kazakh Desert

Experience the vast and beautiful Kazakh Desert, set up a campsite, and enjoy stunning views of the night sky away from city lights.

Tours

Uncover the best of Baikonur with these unforgettable tours.

Places to Visit in Baikonur

Visit one of these nice places.

Baikonur Cosmodrome Viewpoint

Provides a panoramic view of the launch pads and surrounding desert, offering excellent photo opportunities during rocket launches.

Baikonur Museum

Exhibits historic space artifacts and provides views of the Space Museum Square, offering unique photo opportunities with space-related displays.

Gagarin's Start

The site of the first manned space flight, which offers a historical and iconic backdrop for memorable photos.

Food in Baikonur

Baikonur, located in Kazakhstan, offers a diverse and flavorful cuisine influenced by its Central Asian roots. The local food scene is characterized by hearty meat dishes, dumplings, rice, and an array of spices and herbs. It's also known for its vibrant tea culture and traditional fermented drinks.

Baikonur Famous Food

Signature dishes, delicacies and famous food

Beshbarmak

A traditional Kazakh dish consisting of boiled meat (often horse or lamb) and homemade pasta served with broth. You can savor authentic Beshbarmak at Sarayshyq Beshbarmak Restaurant, a popular spot known for its traditional preparation.

Must-Try!

Plov

A fragrant pilaf made with rice, carrots, and succulent lamb. To relish this aromatic dish, head to Lyulya Kebab Restaurant, where they serve a delectable rendition of this Central Asian staple.

Samsa

Savory pastries filled with minced meat, onions, and spices, baked to golden perfection. Visit the bustling Baikonur Central market or Samarkand Cafe for some delightful Samsa.

Unique Experiences

Get to know Baikonur better with these unique experiences.

Food Markets

Explore local food markets

Baikonur Central Market

This bustling market brims with stalls offering an array of fresh produce, spices, and local delicacies. Don't miss out on the opportunity to sample freshly baked flatbreads, dried fruits, and pickled vegetables.

Street Food Stalls

Stroll through the streets to encounter an assortment of street food stalls offering an eclectic mix of kebabs, dumplings, and steaming bowls of soup. Try the flavorful Shashlik (grilled skewered meat) or Manti (dumplings) for an authentic local experience.

Weather

The climate in this region is classified as a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BSk), characterized by hot summers and cold winters. During the summer months, temperatures can soar above 30°C (86°F), while winters bring frigid conditions, with average temperatures often dropping below -15°C (5°F) in January. Precipitation is relatively low, with annual totals averaging around 150 to 200 millimeters (about 6 to 8 inches), mostly falling in the spring and early summer. The area experiences a significant temperature range between day and night, particularly during the transitional seasons. The region also has a high level of sunshine throughout the year, which contributes to its extreme temperature fluctuations. Frequent winds can also exacerbate the dry conditions, leading to dust storms in certain circumstances. Overall, the climate is marked by its stark seasonal contrasts and arid conditions.

How to Behave

Tips on cultural norms and respectful behavior

Greetings

When meeting someone for the first time in Baikonur, it is customary to shake hands. Men should wait for a woman to extend her hand for a handshake, as some Kazakh women may prefer not to shake hands with men.

Dining Etiquette

When dining with locals in Baikonur, it is important to wait to be seated and to not begin eating until the host invites you to do so. It is also polite to leave a small amount of food on your plate to indicate that you have been served enough.

Respect for Elders

In Kazakh culture, elders are highly respected. It is important to address older individuals with respect and deference, using formal titles and last names when speaking to them.

Hidden Gems

Discover the hidden gems of Baikonur with these exclusive activities.

Safety

The safety in the area surrounding the Baikonur space launch facility is generally well-regulated, especially considering its significance as a major site for space exploration. The presence of government and military oversight contributes to maintaining high security standards. Measures are in place to restrict access to sensitive areas, ensuring that only authorized personnel can enter. Emergency services and medical facilities are available to handle any incidents that may occur during launches or related activities. While the risk of accidents does exist, particularly during rocket launches, stringent safety protocols and procedures are implemented to mitigate these risks. In addition to the specific safety measures associated with the space facility, general safety in the surrounding region includes measures to protect wildlife and the environment from the impacts of launches. The local population is aware of the unique nature of the activities in their vicinity and tends to develop a degree of familiarity with the operations, contributing to a community that is cautious yet accustomed to the presence of rockets and space technology. Overall, while there are inherent risks associated with rocket launches, the established safety protocols and oversight help ensure that Baikonur remains a secure environment. Visitors and personnel are typically well-informed about safety procedures, contributing to an overall sense of safety in the area.

Tipping in Baikonur

Ensure a smooth experience

Tipping

In Baikonur, Kazakhstan, tipping is not a common practice. It is not expected in restaurants, hotels, or for services such as taxi rides or tours.

Payment

The preferred method of payment in Baikonur, Kazakhstan is cash, especially in smaller establishments. However, larger hotels and restaurants may accept credit cards. It's advisable to carry some cash in the local currency, Tenge, for transactions.

Best Time to Visit

And what to expect in different seasons...

Spring

Spring is a great time to visit Baikonur, with pleasant temperatures and blooming landscapes. Visitors can expect moderate weather conditions and the possibility of witnessing space launches at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Summer

Summer in Baikonur can be hot with temperatures reaching high levels. Visitors can expect clear skies and the opportunity to witness space activities and rocket launches at the cosmodrome.

Autumn

Autumn offers mild temperatures and beautiful landscapes as the foliage changes color. Visitors can expect comfortable weather and the chance to witness space exploration activities in the area.

Winter

Winter in Baikonur can be cold with temperatures dropping significantly. Visitors can expect snowfall and frigid conditions, but also the opportunity to witness space launches and activities amidst the winter scenery.

Baikonur at Night

Despite its primary association with space exploration, nightlife in Baikonur offers a variety of options for relaxation and entertainment. After a day's work, residents and visitors can unwind at local bars and cafes, where they can enjoy traditional Kazakh dishes and beverages. While the selection may not be as extensive as in larger cities, the atmosphere is often warm and inviting. Certain restaurants double as evening hangouts, featuring live music that ranges from local folk tunes to modern hits. Socializing tends to be laid-back, often revolving around shared meals and conversations. There are also a few small nightclubs and lounges where people can socialize and dance. Though these venues may not be as elaborate as those found in bigger urban centers, they still provide a sense of community and a chance to experience the local culture. For those interested in a quieter evening, the city has several parks and the nearby Syr Darya riverbank, where one can take a peaceful stroll under the stars. Additionally, the rich history of Baikonur can be explored further with nighttime views of some of its space-related landmarks, providing a unique backdrop for any evening outing.

Hiking in Baikonur

Immerse in an unforgettable hike.

Kzylkum Desert

The Kzylkum Desert offers vast stretches of sand dunes and is a unique place for hiking with opportunities to explore the desert flora and fauna.

Saryarka - Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan

This UNESCO World Heritage site features steppe landscapes and numerous lakes. Hiking here provides scenic views and wildlife observation opportunities.

Kentau Mountains

Located to the south of Baikonur, the Kentau Mountains offer rocky terrains and opportunities for various hiking trails with beautiful vistas.

Charyn Canyon

Although a bit farther from Baikonur, Charyn Canyon is known for its stunning rock formations and dramatic landscapes, making it a popular hiking destination.

Altyn Emel National Park

Located to the southeast of Baikonur, this national park features a diverse range of landscapes, including hills and historic sites perfect for hiking.

Aiports

How to reach Baikonur by plane.

Baikonur International Airport (BKA)

The nearest international airport located in the city of Baikonur, mainly serving as the gateway for space exploration activities.

Shymkent International Airport (CIT)

Located in Shymkent, this airport serves as a regional hub and offers several international flights.

Almaty International Airport (ALA)

The largest international airport in Kazakhstan, located in Almaty, providing a wide range of international flight options.

Astana Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport (NQZ)

The main international airport serving the capital city, Nur-Sultan (Astana), with numerous international connections.

Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk) International Airport (UKK)

Located in Oskemen, this airport operates flights to several domestic and some international destinations.

Walkability

Walkability in Baikonur is influenced by its unique landscape and urban planning, largely shaped by its status as a closed city primarily associated with the space industry. The town has well-defined pathways and a compact layout, making it relatively easy to navigate on foot. The infrastructure, including sidewalks and crosswalks, is generally acceptable, though some areas might lack the amenities typical of larger urban centers. The presence of parks and communal spaces contributes positively to the walking experience. However, due to its smaller population and the nature of its function as a spaceport city, pedestrian traffic may be limited, and there can be a distinct feeling of isolation in certain areas. Additionally, the climate can affect walkability, with harsh winters making outdoor activities less appealing during that season. Overall, while Baikonur offers a manageable environment for walking, factors such as urban design, climate, and the city's specific character play crucial roles in shaping the overall walkability experience.

Demographics

Explore demographics in this area.

Kazakh

The primary ethnic group in Baikonur, constituting a significant portion of the population.

Russian

A substantial minority that reflects the historical influence of Russian settlement in the region.

Ukrainian

A smaller demographic group present in Baikonur, contributing to the cultural diversity.

Tatar

Another minority group in the region, adding to the multicultural aspect of the population.

Other Ethnicities

Includes various other groups such as Germans, Belarusians, and others, who make up the remaining population.

Popular Sports

Explore popular sports in region.

Football

Football is one of the most popular sports in Baikonur, with many local clubs and amateur teams participating in various leagues.

Basketball

Basketball enjoys widespread popularity among the youth in Baikonur, supported by schools and local organizations.

Volleyball

Volleyball is commonly played in schools and recreational centers, making it a favorite pastime for many residents.

Track and Field

Track and field events are popular in Baikonur, especially during school sports days and local competitions.

Wrestling

Wrestling has a strong tradition in Baikonur, with many local athletes participating in regional tournaments.

Ice Hockey

In winter, ice hockey becomes popular, with local rinks hosting games and practices for aspiring players.

Traffic

Traffic in this region is generally characterized by a mix of local and transient vehicles, largely due to its significance as a space launch site. The road infrastructure primarily consists of a network of paved roads that connect various facilities within the space center, as well as routes leading to nearby cities. During launch preparations, traffic can increase significantly, with many professionals, engineers, and support staff commuting to and from the site. This uptick can sometimes lead to congestion, especially on key access roads, but outside of launch periods, traffic tends to be relatively light. Public transportation options may be limited, and personal vehicles are the primary mode of travel for most residents and workers. Additionally, given the city's remote location, the surrounding areas may have less frequent traffic flow compared to more urbanized regions. Overall, while traffic can fluctuate based on specific events and operational schedules, it tends to maintain a manageable level outside peak activities.

Accomodations

Find the best place to stay when visiting Baikonur.

Dietary Restrictions

Tips for restricted diets.

Vegetarian and Vegan Options

While meat holds a significant role in Kazakh cuisine, many restaurants in Baikonur accommodate vegetarians and vegans, offering dishes like roasted vegetable kebabs, hearty salads, and flavorful lentil soups.

Gluten-free Options

Many traditional Kazakh dishes are naturally gluten-free, such as rice-based pilafs, soups, and grilled meats. Most restaurants are willing to accommodate gluten-free requests and can provide suitable alternatives.

Healthcare

The healthcare system in this region is primarily organized under the jurisdiction of Kazakhstan as a whole, but specific services and facilities are tailored to meet the needs of the local population, which includes local residents and staff associated with the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Healthcare facilities in the area are generally managed by the Ministry of Health of Kazakhstan. There are hospitals, clinics, and specialized medical centers that provide a range of services from general healthcare to more specialized treatments. The main hospital in Baikonur is equipped to handle common medical issues, emergencies, and routine care. Access to healthcare is provided to the local population, and services may also extend to foreign nationals who work in or visit the area, particularly those involved in space missions. The healthcare professionals in Baikonur are typically trained within Kazakhstan's medical system, and the facilities often work to ensure that they meet safety and quality standards. In addition, the unique presence of the cosmodrome influences some aspects of healthcare, including a focus on occupational health and services available for space industry personnel. Emergency response services and preparedness for any incidents related to the space program are also prioritized. Overall, while the healthcare infrastructure in Baikonur may not be as extensive as in larger cities, it is designed to provide essential services to support both the local population and the unique activities associated with space exploration.

Discover Kazakhstan

Read more in our Kazakhstan 2024 Travel Guide.

Kazakhstan Travel Guide